Jewish heritage in Hungary

There is much to see for those interested in both past and present Jewish life. Beautiful synagogues - large or small, medieval or baroque - are located not only in Budapest, but also in other parts of the country. Today there are 48 synagogues in Hungary. The largest number of synagogues are in Budapest where the orthodox and the neolog communities own 2 offices, and 22 synagogues. The largest synagogue in Europe -recently restored- is located in Budapest on Dohány Street. In Europe's largest active synagogue there are 1492 seats for men, and 1472 for women. Its construction was started in 1854, based upon the designs made by German architect Ludwig Förster. The impressive moorish style building with its two high towers can be seen from afar. The tympanum is decorated with two stone tablets. The towers are 43 meters high, the diameter of the clocks on them 1,4 meters. The temple is 53 meters long, and 26 meters wide. In the Jewish Museum we can see a large variety of religious objects from the copy of a 3rd century memorial plaque to the contemporary relics of the Jewish faith. Most of the Jewish sights can be found in the "Terézváros" (Theresa town) in the 7th district. The community centres, offices, most of the synagogues, kosher restaurants, shops are also in this area. Every street has some points of Jewish interest. There are several synagogues in the countryside, of which we deal with only the most interesting ones. There is a baroque style synagogue in Apostag, 80 kilometers from Budapest. It was built with a classical facade in 1768. Now it is used as a library and a museum. It is rewarded with the "Europa Nostra" award. You have surely heard of the world-famous Tokaj wine. In this wine growing region in Mád there is a unique little baroque style synagogue. Jews have lived in the centre of the country's Northeastern region in Miskolc from the beginning of the 18th century. The decorative temple has an outstanding main facade with a triple-arched entrance. Inside we see one of the nicest interiors of a synagogue. Debrecen in the Great Hungarian Plain was the home of the largest Jewish community in Hungary next to the capital. It has two temples, community centre, ritual bath, kosher restaurants. In the Southern part of the Hungarian Plain, in Szeged, one can find the world famous synagogue, that is probably the most beautiful Jewish temple in the country. The synagogue of Pécs -in the centre of Hungary's Southern region- was inaugurated in 1865. Sopron is a little jewel of a town in the western border line of Hungary, with innumerable historical monuments. Sopron's 14th century Jewish quarter has been excavated with painstaking accuracy and includes the oldest mikvah (ritual bath) in Hungary, a 13th century prayer house, women's synagogue and residences. There are hardly any rivals to this beautiful set of Jewish monuments in Europe. Besides the synagogues, there are several other sights in the country, which have Jewish interest, showing Jews and the Jewish communities as parts of Hungarian history. The only rabbinical seminary of Eastern and Central Europe is situated on József körút (Budapest). The institute was inaugurated in 1877, and the professors have always been internationally famous scholars. The Goldmark Chorus was founded to further the Jewish musical culture and became internationally known for its performance of traditional and contemporary Jewish songs. Their concerts are important events of Hungarian musical life. The Hungarian Rabbinical Seminary has given a home to the Archives and to the Library founded in 1877. This library has more than 90 thousand volumes which makes it the third largest Jewish library of the world. The Budapest Jewish Congregation (BZSH) created a cultural/tourist office and a community centre (BÁlint HÁz), and holds the Jewish Summer Festival and book days annually at the end of August.